Raw Milk: Keeping it safe, healthy and legal!

Raw milk has been creeping into the spot that the once-radical term “organic” held twenty or so years ago. The idea of asking for your milk to come to you untreated and straight from the cow has moved from unheard of and fring-ey, to cutting edge, to “Gee, well that makes sense!” But to keep this wonderful trend moving in a positive direction, with support from government agencies and your neighbors alike, both producers and consumers will need to take extra care in ensuring that the responsibility is held with care.

For producers, that means adhering to best practices where animal husbandry, sanitation and careful testing are put into play. For consumers, it means knowing your farmer, having a working understanding of the possible risks and benefits of raw milk, knowing what questions to ask, and making informed decisions. Not all raw milk is created equal! Careful separation of animal feces from milking areas, clean equipment, healthy animals (proven so with appropriate screening for common diseases) and proper handling of milk is crucial to ensuring that the product customers buy can live up to its name as a superior food.

Historically, raw milk was certified by state agencies that would check out the aforementioned criteria on a working farm, and deem milk safe for consumption. Over the years, standards have shifted, the industry has taken on new breadth and meaning, evolving from a family-farm model to huge agribusiness, with the transportation of milk becoming transcontinental. Regulation has become concerned less with the farming practices, and more with the end result. Keeping animals in abhorrent conditions, as long as the final product undergoes pasteurization and homogenization, and is supplemented with synthetic vitamins, has acted as a pass to slack off on concern for the animal’s well being and nutrition.

People have been waking up to this, feeling disillusioned, and noticing a trend of increased physical intolerance toward the substandard product on the grocery store shelves. This now commonly manifests as dairy allergies, gastric problems, poor response to the synthetic vitamin D2 with which the milk is fortified – a substance linked to heart disease, hyperactivity and food allergies. Recognizing that they would prefer cleanliness at the other end on their dairy farms, and to drink milk from animals fed a diet that makes biophysical sense, consumers have increasingly begun to question what kind of sense this makes. It makes a lot of sense for an industry stretching its production, inching longer shelf-life out of an inherently fragile product, and turning a pretty profit at the expense of common sense.

What does that mean? It means that more and more, in your own neighborhood, there has been a grassroots effort to return to the old paradigm: One in which local people support their local farmer, who in turn cares about the customer/ neighbor, and shows integrity in the way the animals and milk are handled.

It is currently illegal to sell raw milk in the state of Alaska. You can go to the corner store for cigarettes, whiskey, Doritos and M&M’s, but raw milk is out! But don’t despair. Farmers and milk drinkers have found ways around this little problem. By investing in a herd with the purchase of a share, you can be part owner of a cow or goat, pay a small weekly fee for your animal to be fed and boarded and cared for, and in return, pick up your finished product each week. Dancing through this loophole, more and more families are supporting more and more local herds-people, who in turn are getting to know their customers more directly, and all involved are better able to support a local economy.

It is vitally important, if we care about the future accessibility of Nature’s perfect food, that we recognize our responsibility to be good ambassadors. Meaning, whether we are producing raw milk or serving it with dinner, we must all take care to act with integrity and respect the fragile balance of keeping it safe, healthy and legal. The pervasive attitude from government officials around raw milk is that tolerance is walking a tight-rope, and that with a slip, the house could come down on dairy herd share programs state-wide. This translates to all of us needing to make sure we follow strict rules, participate in best practices, and take personal responsibility in ensuring we are comfortable with the quality of the product. If we wish to maintain autonomy in the choice to sell and consume fresh, raw milk, we must govern ourselves.

Here is a list of questions to ask your farmer, when deciding to become a customer:

  • Where do you milk your animals? May I see the milking area?
  • Do you milk by hand or use a machine?
  • How do you clean your equipment? Look at it with your own eyes to judge cleanliness.
  • How do you chill your milk? (Just milking and sticking it in a jar in the fridge does not cut it. An ice water bath or cold tank must be used to ensure that unhealthy bacteria doesn’t grow in the milk while cooling.)
  • Look at the condition of the animals. Healthy animals are clean, with healthy looking coats, bright eyes and happy.
  • Check out the condition of the stables. Look for clean bedding and fresh water.
  • May I see the records of tests on your animals that state they have been found to be disease-free?
  • What are your animals fed? This is a big one. The Weston Price Foundation (www.westonaprice.org) has a wealth of information available online about the optimal diet of dairy animals. This is information based on traditional food wisdom that makes evolutionary sense. They suggest that when shopping for milk, you look for animals on pasture, eating hay and silage in the off season, and fed organic or sprouted grain - preferably without soy products at milking time. The more the grain is in an unprocessed, whole form, the better.
  • If something doesn’t feel right, listen to that instinct. Ask questions until you are satisfied.

*Keep in mind that once you have a working relationship with your farmer, she or he will be open to hearing what you, their customer, wants!

 

Farmers

It is up to you to follow best practices to ensure the outcome of a healthy product! This list should be followed to ensure safety, and is intended to help in standardizing expectations about how raw milk is produced.

  • Follow and keep up to date on standard annual testing of all animals, particularly for CAE and Johne's. Initial testing for brucellosis and TB is advisable. Keep health records available for your customers - both your herd share milk customers and those that buy live animals from you will appreciate knowing they are getting a disease-free dairy product or animal. Consider new additions to your herd potentially infected, and keep new additions quarantined until disease is ruled out via negative test results.
  • Keep animals in clean surroundings that you are proud to show your visitors (and potential customers). Choose your dairy feed carefully. Favor locally grown, organic hay and feed. Customers are willing to pay a higher price for a higher quality product.
  • Practice careful hand washing between handling animals and milk or milk storage containers, and keep all equipment and jars clean and sanitized. Choose stainless steel and glass containers over plastic.
  • Prior to each milking, clean the udder with warm water and an udder wash solution. Fias Co Farm http://fiascofarm.com/goats/teatdip-udderwash.html uses 2 oz clorox with a drop of Dawn detergent per quart of water, and iodine is commonly used. Grapefruit seed extract spray (20 drops mixed with 16 oz. water) is one example of a safe natural product that is anti-bacterial, anti-viral and anti-fungal. Milk the first couple of squirts from each animal into a strip cup to get rid of the potentially bacteria-containing milk closest to the teat orifice, and stimulate the milk let-down reflex. This also gives you a chance to look for chunks or other abnormalities in the milk. -Milk the udder out thoroughly, massaging and stripping at the end to be sure the udder is completely empty of milk. Post-dip the teats in an antibacterial solution to keep bacteria from entering the udder during the 30 minutes or so that the teat orifice is open after milking. Iodine and chlorhexidine are two commonly used chemical teat dips for the prevention of mastitis, or you could use lavender, tea tree or oregano essential oils as a more natural alternative. Simply use a spray bottle containing 20 drops of essential oil to 16 oz. of water.
  • Isolate your milking location from the area where your animals are housed. All areas where your milking takes place should be free of dust, debris, animal waste and odor. Surfaces should be easily washable, wood must be painted. Even a clean, sheltered outdoor area is preferable to milking inside the goat shed or cow barn. -Use an approved dairy-grade filter (not cheesecloth!) to filter the milk into clean, sanitized or sterilized quart or half-gallon jars, pre-chilling the jars if possible. Although milk can be stored in one-gallon jars they are not recommended for immediate chilling as it takes twice as long to cool the larger volume of milk to the 40-degree temperature required for safe storage.
  • Chill the milk jars in an ice water bath, or in a properly cared for bulk cooling tank. Aside from cleanliness, rapid initial chilling is the single most important factor in producing milk with good flavor and keeping qualtiy. Milk is graded according to how long it takes to reach 40 degrees after leaving the udder. Grade A standards call for milk to reach 40 degrees within under an hour, which can easily be done with ice water. It takes almost twice as long for milk to reach 40 degrees in the freezer, and several hours longer if just placed directly into the refrigerator. Keep an extra-cold refrigerator for milk storage. 34-36 degrees is the ideal storage temperature for milk.
  • Make sure all of your customers are enrolled in a herd share program. Proper paperwork must be filled out, kept on file and dues paid on time for this to be legitimate. Slacking on paperwork or selling milk or milk products without a contract jeopardizes accessibility for all. Examples and templates of contracts are available at www.westonaprice.org. Consider signing up with the Farm-to-Consumer Legal Defense Fund (http://www/ftcldf.org) for contract advice, and to have someone already in your corner if the need should ever arise.
  • Err on the side of caution at all times. If you have doubt, dump it out.
  • If you wouldn’t drink your milk, don’t sell it!

Many thanks to Suzy Crosby for her invaluable wisdom and help in creating this important list of standards for farmers.